An essay which explores and analyses a particular issue in the field

A which investigates and examinations a specific issue in the field of translation - Essay Example This creator will evaluate the translation of war and the various variables that direct the numerous points of view on the theme. In Carol Acton’s article Diverting the Gaze: The Unseen Text in Women’s War Writing, she discusses the distinction in how ladies see war sections as far as men can tell. She takes note of that, â€Å"while womens war composing from the First World War has gotten a lot of basic consideration in the course of the last at least ten years that has set up its legitimacy as observer to war, meager consideration has been paid to how ladies see the injury of cutting edge battle nursing and how, therefore, such observing or not seeing impacts the account (Acton, p54).† The creator centers around the view of how ladies see the injury of war explicitly nurture who aren’t essentially battling on the bleeding edge, however who are giving clinical consideration to troopers and regularly thinking about them straight up to their last living minutes. Acton takes note of how compositions created by ladies of the principal World War and Vietnam were fundamentally the same as , she proceeds to bring up that, On a general level, the striking closeness in the stories of these two wars appears to emerge from the impulse to hold up under observer to the injury of combat nursing. All the more explicitly, British scholars from the First World War and American authors from the Vietnam War were both concerned with conveying what Jane Marcus has called a horrible information to a civilian populace that appeared to be totally expelled from any understanding of the war understanding (Acton, p54) The differentiation Acton makes between the ladies nursing the troopers, both American and British, in both World War I and Vietnam, with the regular folks uncovers how there is a significant contrast in translation of war when one is on the cutting edge refrains simply evaluating it when it’s far away. Acton proceeds to point how

Story On Memory And Time English Literature Essay

Story On Memory And Time English Literature Essay It is one daylight evening like a day or two ago, my uncle grumbles to me about how to speak with his child once more. He reveals to me that he is so occupied with his business that his child has consistently been lived with his grandparent abroad since his child was youthful. I feel much increasingly confounded when he says that he isn't utilized to invest the energy with his child, as he doesn't have the foggiest idea what to state to his child however he is a dad. May be you can talk with your child about certain interests that your child likes to do without a doubt, for example, football, b-ball, etc. I let him know. What's more, my memory starts to draft back to when I was youthful. My folks consistently trust it is significant for them to invest the energy with me regardless of how bustling they are. Of the considerable number of things on the planet, time is the most important thing that guardians can spend on a youngster. My folks consistently said that when I was youthful. T hey comprehended what my leisure activities are plainly and they are caring to such an extent that consistently attempted their best to develop my solid focuses. What's more, it is fundamentally because of this explanation that I am the best football player in my grounds. I was unable to envision what my course of life would be under the condition that my folks were equivalent to my uncle, thinking nothing about his youngster. Indeed, it is a smart thought at the principal look, however I am inexperienced with my children diversions. May be cash can settle everything. You know, I am so fruitful a director, henceforth, I can tell my child how effective his dad is by the method of going through cash. My uncle answers with certainty, in the same way as other guardians these days, who consistently accept that it is progressively helpful on the off chance that they put cash onto their kids than time. At that point, my heart is loaded up with sympathy for his child. It is nothing unexpected that his child has no solid focuses in my school and consistently invests the energy without anyone else. Being so desolate thus withdrawn, he even doesn't have the foggiest idea how to befriend different colleagues, never to state social intercourse. I feel am so lucky than his child, as I have an amicability family, the group of which is vey joined together and good. Living in this family, I figure out how to mind others, h ow to speak with others and how to demonstrate your cordiality to others, the qualities of which I love most in my life profession. I am persuaded that these are the best endowments my parent has given to me. After the discussion with my uncle, taking a gander at the kids playing football in the grass yard not far away, the recollections about the time I go through with my parent develop in my brain. I fall into the valuable and important memories. It is no distortion to state that I was unable to have been wild about playing the football without my dads development step by step. I recall that my dad consistently goes to the court in my school to watch my football rivalry. In my memory, when I fall flat, he generally says to me that it isn't significant of the outcomes, however the procedure. I have commonly of being baffled; thinking might be I am not the correct individual to play football however I love it. It is additionally my dad, a patient and pleasant dad, who gives me consolations and cheer me up. There is one time that I will have my football rivalry in the following not many days. Tragically, my dad is excessively occupied with his organizations to come. So fundamental the oppo sition is, I feel anxious and can not concentrate all my vitality on the game, the round of which that I am obsessed with. Shockingly, when the opposition starts, I discover my dad comes to watch my play in one corner of the court, grinning toward me. During that time, loaded with certainty and appreciation fills my heart, and I get the brilliant decoration finally. In any case, that opposition not only rewards me that model, it additionally let me know how wonderful the dads love to his child is, and that it is so imperative to have the aware of having the option to overcome the unthinkable. Time will zoom by, yet memory will be left in your internal heart, particularly the valuable recollections. Those recollections about my youth give me unlimited information. Of the considerable number of instructions on the planet, the guardians training is essentially significant. It is until I grow up that I continuously value my folks impact on me during the time of my adolescence. Had it not been for my folks impacts, I was unable to have accomplished such huge numbers of additions identifying with information as well as about social intercourse. It is the memory of my youth that I value most and frequently hold the feeling that it is the best time in my life. What's more, I am frequently related to that period from the things occurred in every day life and from what I hear and see when I grow up. Other than that, had it not been for that memory, it would be hard for me to turn into a brilliant football player in my school. As of late, I compose an article for the most part about what is a real existence, and this title is gotten from my youth, from my dad. Whats an actual existence, Dad? Being a guiltless kid, I was interested about everything in day by day life and I generally asked my dad what the life was the point at which I was a young man. Life is every day that you take and make a large portion of that. My dad consistently disclosed to me like that. In spite of the fact that I was unable to comprehend that profound significance of life, I imagine something identifying with life and living. I recall there are numerous recollections about taking every day in my youth. Fly kites in the field with my dad; watch significant and moved motion pictures identifying with life, to ordinary citizens with my dad; appreciate the regular excellence with my parent when we go out to have an outdoors; play football with my dad and different children, realizing what significant in football and in life is the proce dure, not the outcomes. I recall the affection time my dad takes me to go to camp, and that memory consistently consumes splendidly in my heart. I gain so much from that, particularly about how excellent it is of nature and how important the life is under the condition you put your entire being into it. I discover that basic truth sooner than other youngsters. What's more, these recollections consistently organization me when I feel discouraged or enchanted. At whatever point I feel not secure with the existence street ahead or get confounded about the life and disappointed by fool things in day by day life, I generally consider the bright recollections in my brain, and afterward I recognize what the life is and in what capacity should I proceed with my street, how to live cheerfully and definitively. It is no misrepresentation to state that it is my cherished memory that gives me musings about how to compose that article. Thus, I compose this article, to seek after the noteworthy i mportance of life by my past time wonderful recollections from my parent. It is my dad who shows me how to seek after life, and gives me motivation of composing. The recollections of investing awesome energy with family in my youth are so striking in my memory that I was unable to continue contemplating them when I am separated from everyone else. Memory can be contrasted with blossoms, offer scent to individuals when they need it; memory can be contrasted with a mirror, from which you will comprehend what you resembles and how might you make yourself look better and better; memory can be contrasted with a creation sources, give you motivations and vision. Furthermore, in my psyche, memory is a reflection and indication of my folks love to his kid, to me. It is this memory that organizations me day and night, making me realize how to accomplish my fantasies and let me think obviously about what merits my seeking after in my life. Without this memory, I was unable to compose that delightful exposition or being a magnificent player in my school. Having this loving memory, I will do as my dad did when I have my own kid later on; mentioning to him what life is, by utilizing the recollections of my adolescence. I will clearly develop his solid focuses and interests, letting him have the valuable memory like mine. A best memory of adolescence is the best blessing from guardians, more significant and costly than cash or adornments. Without memory, authors couldn't compose delightful articles; without memory, kids couldn't have such huge numbers of likes; without memory, I was unable to turn out to be acceptable at playing football. Intelligent Statement It is all around recognized that guardians training has noteworthy importance and the best blessing given to youngsters is the time that guardians put into, not cash, gems or different things. Other than that, I have uncountable delightful recollections during adolescence from my parent, who shows me a great deal not just about how to be a decent individual yet in addition about how to investigate the significance of life and how to appreciate life. Hence, this article is made. It is an article that can give individuals not just profound musings about loved recollections that had a place with their own yet additionally let them find out about the guardians impact on youngsters. My recollections of my folks developing me and playing with me when I was a kid consistently urge me to beat challenges and to be trust in my every day life. On account of those valuable recollections, I can grin at life on issue it is daylight or a winding day. What's more, this is another explanation which g ives me motivation of making this work. This work can be utilized to render individuals colossal advantages of how to be comprehensible and extravagant from their recollections too. It is the recollections of magnificent time going through with guardians during my youth time that give me motivation of making this work. There are a few issues developed during creative cycle. For instance, it is by all accounts hard to portray the exceptional time of youth in detail. To show it strikingly, I utilized my creative mind and motivation just as memory, the memory of which is as yet consuming clearly in my heart. Another issue is that how to organize the structure of the work, to accomplish the better outcomes. To accomplish better impacts, I utilized a discussion from the outset passage, the discussion of which is to mirror the basic issues existed among numerous guardians, who consistently hold the conclusion that cash can tackle everything, including instructing their kids. The discussion with my uncle offer ascents to

5 Benefits of Soft Credit Check Loans - OppLoans

5 Benefits of Soft Credit Check Loans - OppLoans 5 Benefits of Soft Credit Check Loans 5 Benefits of Soft Credit Check LoansWith a soft credit check loan, youre likely to see lower rates than you would with a no credit check loanâ€"and it might even help your credit score!???????If you have bad credit, then you’re probably familiar with no credit check loans. These are a type of bad credit loan that doesn’t perform any sort of credit check when you apply. The most common kinds of no credit check loans include payday loans, title loans, and cash advances.But there’s another kind of bad credit loan you should know: Soft credit check loans. This is a category that includes many of the bad credit installment loans available to folks whose low scores lock them out from traditional lenders.There are many benefits to soft credit check loans, some of which they share with no credit check loans, but also some that make them an improvement on their no credit check cousins. If you have bad credit and need money to cover a surprise expense, heres what you need to know.1. The y’re easy and fast!If you’ve ever applied for a personal loan from a bank or other traditional lender, you know that the process is not speedy. Once you’ve entered in all your informationâ€"and they’ll ask for a lot itâ€"you’ll still have to wait days before you receive a decision.Soft credit check loans, on the other hand, are easy to apply for. While performing a soft credit checkâ€"and sometimes an income verificationâ€"requires more information than a no credit check application, it’s still something that you can complete very quickly.And once you submit your application, you’re likely to get a decision in a matter of minutes or hours, not days. When you’re dealing with something like an unexpected car repair or medical bill, this sort of easy application lets you get back to focusing on what really matters.And if you’re approved, you’ll get your funds quickly. Sometimes you can even receive your funds the same day, but oftentimes you’ll receive them by the next business day. Still, that’s much faster than traditional lenders and gets you the money you need when you need it: Now.2. Applying won’t affect your credit.When you apply for a traditional personal loan, the lender is going to run a hard check on your credit. This returns them a full copy of your credit report and lets them do a deep dive on your history as a borrower. Hard checks are recorded on your report and they’ll temporarily lower your score.Soft credit checks, on the other hand, are not recorded on your credit report and do not affect your score. This is because they return less information than a hard check, giving lenders a broad overview of your credit history instead of a comprehensive reporting.With traditional loans, getting your application denied is doubly frustrating: Not only do you not get the money you need, but your score has been lowered. With soft credit check loans, however, there is no downside. Even if your application for credit is denied, your score won’t take a hit!3. They come with lower rates.Soft credit check loans are still a type of bad credit loan, so their rates are going to be higher than standard personal loans. There’s really no way around it. Borrowers with bad credit default at higher rates, so these lenders have to charge higher interest rates in return to protect against potential loss.But since soft credit check loans do their due diligence on applicants and turn down borrowers who can’t afford to repay (more on why that’s a good thing in the next section), their default rates are naturally lower than no credit check lenders.What this means for you is simple: Soft credit check lenders often charge lower rates than no credit check lenders! Lower rates mean that you save money over the life of the loan, and they also lower your risk of getting trapped in an ongoing cycle of debt.4. They check your ability to repay.When you take out a loanâ€"no matter if its an online loan or one from a brick-and-mor tar institutionâ€"you want to be able to pay it back. Otherwise, you’ll end up with negative marks on your score and a debt collector hounding you for payments. You could even end up in court with your wages getting garnished!With no credit check loans, the likelihood of this happening is much higher because the lender doesn’t do anything to check whether or not you can afford the loan you’re trying to borrow.In many cases, no credit check lenders stand to make more money from their customers not paying their loans off the first time. When borrowers are forced to roll over their loan or take out another loan immediately after paying off their old one, that means more money for the lender.But with soft credit check loans, lenders will not loan money to someone that they estimate can’t afford the loan. This is why these loans are less likely to trap borrowers in an ongoing cycle of debt: Because these lenders care about their customers paying off their loan the first time, not the fifth.5. Some can help your credit.With a no credit check loan, the only way you’re going to see your credit score affected is if you default on the loan and it ends up as a collections account. In other words, the only way for your score to go with a loan like this is down.But some soft credit check lenders (including OppLoans) actually report payment information to the credit bureaus that create your credit reports. This means that on-time payments will go on your report and could help improve your score.Your payment history is the most important part of your credit score, making up 35 percent of your total. As such, good payment history is critical to maintaining a  good credit score or fixing a lousy one. And these soft credit check loans give you the opportunity to build better credit.Soft credit check loans aren’t a silver bullet by any means. But the right loan can be a great tool to help you address a financial shortfall. And the best soft credit check loans can ev en help you to start building a brighter financial future.To learn more about improving your credit and your financial outlook, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsBuilding Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |Instagram

Marble Powder As A Partial Replacement Of Sand - 1454 Words

V. CONCLUSION From the test results it is clearly evident that granite powder as a partial replacement of sand proves to be beneficial when Durability properties of Concrete is considered. Durability of Concrete using Granite Fines is almost same as that of reference mix (GF0), However at 30% replacement compared to other proportions yielded better durability. VI. REFERENCES 4) Banthia. N and Sheng.J (1991): Durability of carbon fibre Reinforced cements in Acidic environments, AC1-SP 126, pp 836-850. 5) Bahoria B.V., Parbat, D.K., and Naganaik, P.B (2013): Replacement of Natural Sand in Concrete by waste products: A state of Art, Journal of Environment Research and development, V 17, April-June 2013, PP 1651-1656. 6) BS 12: 1978: Ordinary and Rapid-Hardening Portland cement British, Standards Institution, London. 7) BabooRai, Khan Naushad, H., Abhishek l, TabinRashid,S and Duggal, S.K (2011): Influence of marble powder/ granites in concrete mix, International Journal of civil and structural Engineering, Vol 1, pp 827-834. 8) BaharDemitrel (2010): The effect of the using waste marble dust as fine sand on the mechanical properties of concrete, International journal of physical sciences, Vol 5, August, pp 1372-1380. 9) Bouzian, Tayeb, BenmounahAbdelbaki, BerderinaMadani and Lamara Mohamed (2011): Effect of marble powder on the properties of self-compacting sand concrete, the open construction and building technology journal, vol 5, pp 25-29. 10) Caijunshi and stegemann,Show MoreRelatedNatural Sand And Granite Powder970 Words   |  4 PagesNatural Sand which is used as a construction material is becoming scarce now-a-days and state governments are imposing restriction on unlimited excavation of Natural sand from river beds. This has made prices of Natural sand reach its peaks. Now there is every need for a suitable replacing material for Natural sand. An attempt is made in this context to replace natural sand by Granite fines by adopting M20 Grade concrete with a mix design of 1: 1.73: 3.1 of cement: Natural sand Granite Powder : GravelRead MoreThe Waste Of Stone Waste1785 Words   |  8 Pagesproduction. Therefore, the search for cost effective processes in the manufacture of existing building materials and substitutes for these will assume a special significance. The waste generated during the cutting and polishing process of stone like marble/granite/kotastone is called stone waste. Accumulation of unmanaged wastes especially in developing countries like India has resulted into increasing environmental concern. Some attempts have been made to find and asses the possibilities of usingRead MoreHypo Sludge9275 Words   |  38 PagesPRODUCTION OF CONCRETE A Project Study Presented to the Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental amp; Sanitary Engineering College of Engineering, Architecture, Fine Arts amp; Computing Sciences Batangas State University Batangas City In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering By: Belegal, Adrian M. Kano, Marikar A. Lising, Jerick A. October 2012 Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES iv LIST OF FIGURES iv CHAPTER I 1 INTRODUCTIONRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesconclusion indicator (without replacement), and rewrite the following argument as a single sentence. Ever since the inflationary spiral ended, state taxes have been high. State farm subsidies will therefore continue to rise. 13. Is the word suppose working as a premise indicator in the following? I suppose youre right that the New York Giants have a better passing game than the L.A. Rams. 14. Add a premise indicator, remove the conclusion indicator (without replacement), and rewrite the following

Implementation of Fishers Model in the Supply Chain...

Introduction Market globalization, intensifying competition and an increasing emphasis on customer orientation are regularly cited as catalyzing the surge in interest in supply chain management. Against this backdrop, effective supply chain management is treated as key to building a sustainable competitive edge through improved inter and intra-firm relationships (Seuring et al 2003). A range of benefits has been attributed to supply chain management, including reduced costs, increased market share and sales, and solid customer relations (Langabeer 2007). There is one paper which presents a major contribution to the field of supply chain management and this is Fisher’s What is the right supply chain for your product?†¦show more content†¦To battle this challenge, the company is using an accurate response model which is a good example of implementation of a responsive supply chain strategy. The model tells the company exactly how much of each style to make early in the production season. This approach has cut the costs of both overproduction and underproduction in half-enough to increase profits by 60%. Implementation of Fisher’s model, therefore, includes three basic steps. Determine the nature of your product, decide about your supply chain priorities, and as a last step, employ a matrix to formulate the ideal supply chain strategy. A critique of Fisher’s model As Seuring et al (2003) state, the Fisher’s paper has influenced the supply chain literature in a great extent. While reference is more often made to the supply chain dimension and the separation of responsive and efficient supply chain, the product related dimension also played an important role in the development of further concepts. This influence can be primarily seen by the number of subsequent papers that build upon it. These papers have analyzed Fisher’s model from the different angles and pointed out some weaknesses and limitation of this approach. A critique of the model as it appears in the presented assignment will be therefore built on three main approaches. The first one is an empirical test of the model which hasShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain for Competitive Advantage5791 Words   |  24 PagesCROCS: REVOLUTIONIZING AN INDUSTRY’S SUPPLY CHAIN FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE BHOOSHAN PARIKH CBS FTMBA 2008-09 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT TERM PAPER 3/16/2009 Case Study This paper analyses and discusses the supply chain process of Crocs Inc. in a competitive and dynamic footwear industry. 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N Africa Block Of Islam - 1405 Words

n Africa block of Islam that is estimated at being the fourth largest community of Muslims in the world. Out of 4,600,000 inhabitants there are less than 2,000 followers of Christ that exist within their ranks, making this group of Christians less than 0.05% of the population. With the majority of Kanuri being Orthodox Sunni Muslims, and having a strong belief in their Muslims faith stand to reason why 0 percent are evangelized this is the finding of various studies and information gather about the Kanuri. Whereas, from these studies some information lead to several things that need to be taken into considered in the attempt to convert the Kanuri people to Christianity: 1. The Kanuri are said to be a primitive people. They have very little access to modern technology. They live strictly of what they grow and sell themselves. 2. The literacy rate of Kanuri is very low; Base of on this low rate they are dependent on oratorical communication. Only ten percent of the population can read, because of this disability they learning comes from storytelling in order to pass down traditions and knowledge. 3. Region has weather conditions much like many that live in the rain forests. The Kanuri people sees only two seasons, and they are wet/rainy season if not that then drought. Due to the poor quality of the roads where the Kanuri live, it is nearly impossible to travel on them during the rainy seasons. However, the dry season, is the best time to travel to visit theShow MoreRelatedA Girl Stands At The Gate Of The Happiest Place1601 Words   |  7 Pagescountries usually change for the better. Transitional justice mechanisms, the steps that a government will take to democratically recognize human rights violations and pay tribute to the victims of such violence, help to usher in a more just future. 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Informative Speech on Dreams free essay sample

Credibility Statement) have done a lot of research on the topic of Dream Interpretation and find that it varies from person to person. Some believe that a dream stems from a collaboration of your everyday experiences and past memories. Whereas others believe it is the brains way of getting excess memory out of the brain and that this is crucial for proper brain function. V. (Relevancy Statement) Dream interpretation is important for everyone because being able to analyze the information in your own dreams can allow you to solve problems in reality. V. (Preview) Today I am going to talk about Dream interpretation. It is important because it allows us to see what a dream is, to find significance in our dreams, and to face our subconscious problems. BODY 1. 1m sure most, if not all of you have experienced what it is like to dream. But what exactly is a dream? To define a dream, we first must define sleep. Sleep is the most important aspect of dreaming, without sleep you cannot dream. 1. There are two specific parts of sleeping. In an an Article called Dreaming by Todays Dreaming they talk about the two types of sleep. There is Synchronized or Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep where there are little to no reports of dreaming. The econd type of sleep is Desynchronized, dreaming or rapid eye movement sleep. This type of sleep causes your eyes to move rapidly, your autonomic nervous system to be activated, and for you to dream. The average person has five cycles of rapid eye movement sleep and dreams are had in intervals of about 90 minutes. What is interesting, is that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes (Dreaming). 2. In an article called Biology ot Sleep by Marvin Rosen, ne snows a study by Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinksky at Stanford University in 1953 that proves that subjects are sleeping while in Rapid Eye movement sleep. They saw that after about an hour of sleep, the subjects eyes would move rapidly back and forth, and the subjects would awaken and tell them they were dreaming. Hence this stage of sleep being called rapid eye movement sleep. (Biology of Sleep) B. Coming from a Biology major I always find it interesting to learn what happens when we are awake and what parts of our brains are active, but it is even more interesting to see what is active when we are asleep and dreaming. 1. In Rosens article Biology of sleep he recognizes the parts of the brain that are used during Rapid eye movement sleep. He states, .. hat we see when we dream are modifications of what we see when we are awake. Which suggests that the parts of your brain that are active when youre awake, are also active when you are dreaming. It has been shown in tests that the visual cortex, the part of the brain responsible for vision, is firing during sleep. Presumably, this is why we have visual imagery in dreams. The only thing that seems to be different is that without being awake there is no perception of time which is why some dreams can seem to last hours, when in reality they are only lasting a few seconds. (Biology of Sleep). a. In Rosens article he shows that not only is the auditory cortex used but the limbic system is also used. The limbic system lies at the innermost edge of the cerebral hemispheres. Part of the limbic system is the hippocampus, which is the key for storing memories. Without the hippocampus short term memories would be lost as if someone forgot to press save on a computer file. b. Durin g Rapid eye movement sleep, certain cells in the brain stem produce a brain wave pattern called Theta Rhythm, which is is necessary for memory processing in the hippocampus. If the body is moving then Theta waves cannot be produced so the ody is actually paralyzed when we sleep except for our eyes which do not interfere with Theta waves. When these waves are being produced during Raped Eye Movement sleep, memories are being reprocessed, which is why memories are the content of our dream. 2. The limbic system also includes the amygdala(Amig- Dalah) which is the part of the brain responsible for emotions. In an Article called Scientists Discover Why Dreams Are So Weird they state During REM sleep, the mens brains showed the most activity in the limbic system, a primitive part of the brain that governs emotion. Meanwhile, ittle activity was seen in the frontal lobes. The frontal lobes help sort out and give meaning to information from the senses. According to the researchers, this unequal activity might explain why dreams can be so intense, yet so illogical. It may also explain why dreams do not seem strange to the dreamer while they are happening (Scientists Discover Why Dreams Are So Weird) (Without your REM cycle, your limbic system including your hippocampus and amygdala and your visual and auditory cortexs you wouldnt be able to have a solid dream. TRANSITION: Now that we saw what functions in the brain during a dream we can etter understand the significance behind why we dream. II. We must dream for some important reason, well what is that reason? A. There are many theories as to why we dream, however some theories more prevalent than others. 1. Sigmund Freud is a famous psychologist with many different theories about the brain, some of those theories pertain to dreaming. Freuds theor y is a good example behind why we dream and how it is important to our lives. He studied his own dream and his patients dreams and was convinced that dreams were a valid method for uncovering repressed thoughts and feelings, isguising the latent content (Rosen, Marvin). a. There are two things about dream content that was important to Freud. The dream events which he called manifest content and the true meaning of the symbol is latent content. Freud believed that the latent content would camouflage itself using symbols, metaphors, condensation of images, words that combine two or more meanings, and displacement of one image by another. Rosen, Marvin) b. When Freud would analyze his dreams he found that many symbols were the same in different patients. For example, Kings and Queens stood for the subjects parents. However, he did not want people to think that these symbols always meant the same thing for everyone. Symbols always vary, depending on who is having the dream. (Rosen, Marvin). 2. Other psychologists believe that we dream to un-clutter the brain. The y believe that during Rapid eye movement sleep it increases protein synthesis in the central nervous system for the development of memory and learning. Pollak, Charles P. , Michael J. Thorpy, and Jan Yager) Like I said before Theta waves are produced while in Rapid Eye movement sleep which is necessary for memories to be stored in the hippocampus. Dreaming occurs at the same time that Theta waves are being produced. In essence, we can assume that dreaming helps to store memories and to learn because they are happening at the same time. B. What do we need to dream? 1 . We observed that dreaming could either be to release subconscious thoughts or to un-clutter the brain to help us remember things. But what if someone is blind? The same theories can still be applied, although someone is blind they will dream but they do not have images in their dreams like someone who can see. Instead they have auditory dreams, which is still included in helping to remember things. People who are were blind from a young age are said to still have images in their dreams. Their dreams are helping them remember what they used to be able to see. a. scientists also did studies on sleeping patients where they would speak to them to see if what they said showed up in their dreams. They would splash water on them, and the would flash bright lights over their eyes. Less than 50% of all their tests showed up in their test subjects dreams. However, they realized that whatever the test subject sees, hears, and feels right before they are asleep they are more likely to dream about that. 2. Then there is emotion which is involved in our dreams. The emotion exhibited in our dreams depends on the gender, and personality of the subject. However, on average men are more likely to have more aggressive dreams that take part outside, while women have dream that are more passive and take part inside. There is not a hard fact as to why dreams are significant, however they are highly educated guesses. Freud believes that most of the things in our dreams are symbols that metaphorically represent something in our real lives, while other scientists believe dreaming is getting rid of information in order to store new memories. TRANSITION: If Freud is correct in that what we see in our dreams has meaning to our lives, then we would be able to face our subconscious problems Just by analyzing our dreams. Ill. How could we face our subconscious problems from reliving a dream? A. Both of these examples are from Rosens article Theories of dreams and Application in Psychotherapy. Studies done on patients and their dreams shows us how we can find meaning in our dreams and then fix the problem that it relates too in reality. 1. Freud did a study on a girl named Dora, she was 17 years old and she lived in Vienna. Doras family was wealthy. Her father, who owned a factory, had recently recovered from a serious illness. During this time, the family became friendly with another couple, Mr. and Mrs. K. Mrs. K had nursed Doras father during his illness, and he was very grateful to her. Mrs. K was very kind to Dora and sometimes gave her expensive gifts. Sometimes Dora stayed at their home. Dora related a dream to Freud. She had experienced the same dream four times: A house was on fire. My father was standing beside my bed and woke me up. I dressed myself quickly. Mother wanted to stop and save her Jewel case, but father said: l will not let myself nd my two children be burnt for the sake of your Jewel case. We hurried downstairs and as soon as I was outside, I woke up. When questioned about the dream, Dora reported, Father was having a dispute witn mother in the last tew days, because sne locks the dining room at night. My brothers room, you see, has no separate entrance, but can only be reached through the dining room. Father does not want my brother to be locked in like that at night. He says it will not do; something might happen in the night so that it might be necessary to leave t he room. Dora associated the figure f her father in the dream with an earlier incident, when she had been staying with Mr. and Mrs. K. She awakened one night to find Mr. K standing over her bed. The next night, she found a key and locked her room, but soon after, the key was missing. She believed that Mr. K had taken it and feared that Mr. K would again come into her room. She dressed herself quickly each morning. After several days, she demanded that her father take her home. Dora also recalled an earlier incident at age 14 when Mr. K had kissed her, leaving Dora with a feeling of disgust. Freud saw a connection between Doras statements that she woke up once she got ut of the house in her dream. This was an expression of her thought that she would get no sleep until she is out of the house. Another important element in the dream was the Jewel case. Dora related an incident in which her father had given her mother an expensive bracelet. Her mother had wanted something different and in anger told her husband to give it to someone else. Dora, who overheard the argument, and craved her fathers attention, would have accepted the bracelet with pleasure. Freud explained the dream to Dora in this way: . The meaning of the dream is now becoming clearer. You said to yourself, This an (Mr. K) is persecuting me; he wants to force his way into my room. if anything happens, it will be Fathers fault For that reason, in the dream, you chose a situation that expresses the opposite†a danger from which your father is saving you. Freud believed that dreams express infantile wishes. In this case, Dora had strong feelings for her father and wanted to give him the love her mother withheld. The wish for her father was even more threatening to Dora than her fear of Mr. K and had to be kept unconscious. Dora was able to confront both Mr. and Mrs. K. Mr. K admitted his misconduct. Mrs. K admitted to having an affair with Doras father. Dora was vindicated. Her family severed relations with the KS. Doras symptoms disappeared. She was later able to give up her infantile wishes for her father and to marry. (Rosen, Marvin) (l will be summarizing this, I am not going to state this word for word but this is an important example to why Freuds theory might be correct. 2. Although Doras case is severe this could be the case with many of you, I created a dream in the beginning of the speech referring to a fire that was burning down your room. You could ask yourself how to analyze this situation for yourself? If this was my dream, I could assume that what ever is in my room are stressors in my life and that I would like for them to all go away but I started crying because I know they are simultaneously important to me. But remember that each analyzation varies on who is having the dream is. B. Fritz Perls created e es t theory which in a way is similar to Freuds theory. He also saw meaning behind what we see in dreams but he believed that we could find the meaning by ourselves. 1 . His theory suggests that his patients should act out their dream and they do not need anyone to tell them what it means. He believed if they acted it out for themselves they would better understand the roles of the symbols in their dreams. For example: A woman receiving gestalt therapy reported the following dream in the present tense: I have three monkeys in a cage†one big monkey and two little ones. I feel very attached to these monkeys, although they are creating a lot of chaos in a cage that is divided into three separate spaces. They are fghting with one another. The big monkey is fighting with the little monkey. They are getting out of the cage, and they are clinging onto me. I feel like pushing them away from me. I feel totally overwhelmed by the chaos that they are creating around me. I turn to my mother and tell her that I need help, that I can no longer handle these monkeys because they are driving me crazy. I feel very sad and very tired, and I feel discouraged. I am walking away from the cage thinking that I really love these monkeys, yet I will have to get rid of them. I am telling myself that I am like everyone else. I get pets, and then when things get rough I want to get rid of them. I am trying very hard to find a solution to keeping these monkeys and not allowing them to have such a terrific effect on me. Before I wake up from my dream, I am making the decision to put each monkey in a separate cage, and maybe that is the way to keep them. The therapist asked the client to become each of the parts of her dream, each monkey as well as the cage. She realized that the dream expressed a conflict she was having with her husband and her two children. She recognized that she both loved and resented her family. She needed to have a dialogue with her family and express her conflicting feelings. The family needed to learn to communicate better and try to improve their relationships. No interpretation by the therapist was necessary for the oman to reach these conclusions. (Rosen, Marvin) 2. 1f you act out each individual part of the dream you can figure out what each part of the dream means. (Whether you have a psychologists giving you the answers or you are acting the dream out yourself, you will be able to find a deeper meaning to most if not all of your dreams. CONCLUSION Dream interpretation is important because it allows us to see the historical values behind what a dream is, to find significance in our dreams, and to face our subconscious problems. We have learned that a dream is a natural part of our brains ound in the limbic system, that the symbols in our dreams represent different things in our awakened state, and that there are ways to determine the meaning of what we dream about. T here will only ever be theories as to why the human body exhibits dreams in the first place, however, they will always be important to fguring out who we are as people. Annotated Bibliography Dreaming. Todays Science. Infobase Learning, Web. 24 Oct. 2013. This is a short article written by a collaboration of people by a company named Todays Science. Their main goal was to describe the pattern of sleep a human goes hrough during the night. This cycle is called NREM and REM, non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement. They mostly describe what happens during sleep because without sleeping you could not dream. Dreaming occurs during the rapid eye movement cycle of your sleep which is about 90 minutes into your sleeping cycle. Pollak, Charles P. , Michael J. Thorpy, and Jan Yager. dreams. Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. These authors talked about dreams and how they lead up from history until recent times. They talked about dreams dating from the bible and how they were even important then. They talk about the sleep cycle and how it includes REM and without REM you could not have dreams. They also brought up different scientists theories in which they believed that dreams eliminate unwanted information from the central nervous system. Dreaming may be important in un-cluttering the brain so that new information can be more easily retained in memory. They talk about different types of dreaming such as lucid dreaming, nightmares and night terrors. They also talk a small amount about the sleep disorder narcolepsy. Rosen, Marvin. Biology of Sleep. Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 24 Oct 2013. The author Marvin Rosen describes the brain like a computer. He starts off by comparing the human brain to a microchip and that no one actually thinks about what is happening inside the microchips when a computer is working. The same goes for our brains, and no one actually thinks about what is going on while we sleep or while we dream it Just happens. He defines sleep, the R. E. M. cycles that happen during and he also talks about a brief history of the study of sleep and dreaming. He explains why we sleep, saying that it is a break time for the brain to eview all the information during the wakened state. He also talks about why we dream and that is necessary because provide the brain with stimulation that is required to develop and preserve the brains nerve pathways. This theory is supported by the fact that infants, whose brains are rapidly developing, spend most of their time in REM sleep. Rosen, Marvin. Theories of dreams and application in psychotherapy. Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. The author, Marvin Rosen, elaborately describes the sleep cycle in order for the reader to understand the concept of the Dream. He uses various examples from different psychologists including Sigmund Freud, Fritz Perls, and Carl Jung. Each of these men had a different standpoint on Dream analysis and the way the brain works to compute a dream. Freud believed that there was deeper, metaphorical meanings to the images and sounds in your dreams, Perls believed that there was also meaning except that dreams were basic enough for most everyone to understand the underlying meaning, and Jung believed that the images in dreams were passed down from generations through the nervous system.